![]() To see what transpires we need to look at a normal gait pattern.Īlthough there are various subdivisions and nomenclature given to describe the different phases of walking, for feet I always break it down into three categories. However when problems occur with the primary and secondary tissues a cascade of systemic events can be set in motion. They are not designed to hold the foot in a certain structure in the same way as their primary and secondary cousins. The tertiary supports are designed anatomically and physiologically to move bones and create movement. Finally we have tertiary structures such as the medial tendons, and these arise from the deep calf muscles before passing around the medial aspect of the ankle and crossing underneath the foot to attach into various bones.Secondary structures are tough (but slightly more elastic than ligaments) bands of tissue, such as the ‘plantar fascia’ which runs from the toes to the underneath of the heel bone.Primary structures are ligaments, tough bands of tissue which hold the foot bones tightly together.The arch is produced by the length and tension of primary, secondary and tertiary structures. ![]() Unsurprisingly this is called the ‘medial arch’ of the foot. If one looks at a ‘normal’ foot from the medial aspect then you will normally see a hollow or arch rising from the toes to the heel. This month Jason looks at the potential problems caused by having ‘flat-feet’, from both Musculoskeletal and Systems perspectives. Sometimes an injury or problem straddles the worlds of Ergonomics and Physiotherapy and can be used to highlight their inter-relation on a simple level.
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